Björk struggled to create a title for the album, originally calling "Ink" as she wanted the title to represent the "5,000 year-old blood that’s inside us all; an ancient spirit that’s passionate and dark, a spirit that survives."[1] Her friend then suggested "Medúlla", a medical term for marrow in Latin.Medúlla is considered Björk's most political album, countering American racism and patriotism after the September 11, 2001 attacks. Björk also described being pregnant with her daughter Ísadóra influenced her album, particularly with the song "Mouth's Cradle".
The album consists almost entirely of human vocals and a cappella arrangements; only a few musical instruments are featured: a bass synthesizer on "Who Is It", piano on "Ancestors", a gong on "Pleasure Is All Mine" and a synthesizer on "Mouth's Cradle". However, the vocals are sometimes processed or sampled: for example, the atmospheric haze that dominates "Desired Constellation" was created from a sample of Björk singing the phrase "I'm not sure what to do with it" from "Hidden Place" on her previous album, Vespertine. The album features beatboxing, choral arrangements and throat singing, as well as guest appearances by such artists as Mike Patton, Robert Wyatt, Tagaq, Rahzel (formerly of The Roots), Shlomo and Dokaka.
All songs were written by Björk, except the lyrics for "Sonnets/Unrealities XI" which was based on a poem by e. e. cummings, and the song "Vökuró", originally by Jórunn Viðar.
The album was originally released both on CD and on DVD-Audio in 5.1-channel advanced resolution. The album was re-released in 2006 as a DualDisc including a lower-quality DTS 96/24 version of the original advanced resolution 5.1 mix. The DualDisc also formed part of the ( surrounded): box set.
| Released | August 30, 2004 (UK) | |
|---|---|---|
| Recorded | Greenhouse (Iceland), Estúdio Ilha Dos Sapos (Brazil), La Hoyita Studios (Spain) | |
| Genre | A cappella, Beatboxing, Folk, Alternative, Avant-garde music | |
| Length | 45:40 | |
| Label | US: Atlantic Records, One Little Indian | |
| Producer | Björk, Mark Bell, Valgeir Sigurðsson | |
Source: Wikipedia
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